The Aperture / ISO

The Aperture is a hole within a lens, through which light travels inside the camera body. The larger the aperture = the more light let in. Aperture is expressed in f-numbers (e.g. f/5.6) which represents the size of the aperture, A smaller f number means a bigger aperture, etc.

An ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to available light. The lower the ISO number the less sensitive it is.

Shutter speed (exposure time) stands for the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor.

White balance in digital photography means adjusting colours to make the image look more natural.